A full detail of the first and the last chapters of the movie Gladiator Essays

A full detail of the first and the last chapters of the movie Gladiator Essays A full detail of the first and the last chapters of the movie Gladiator Essay A full detail of the first and the last chapters of the movie Gladiator Essay Essay Topic: The Heart Goes Last This essay is a full detail of the first and the last chapters of the movie gladiator; it also covers 3 different topics on the chapters. I am going to explain the expressions given by characters, what director wants from audience, and the role of camera in the movie. This film is presented as an exciting epic. The central focus of the film is intended to be on Maximus (Russell Crowe) by the director (Ridley Scott) and is about one mans heroic stand against the greatness, but at the same time, the corruption of the Roman Empire. Hell is unleashed is the title of the opening scene and begins with credits to the background of flames. It then progresses to a figure walking in a long grassed field to the background of the sky and the camera in a close up, focusing on his hand, the wedding ring clearly visible showing his devotion to his family at an early stage. At this point the music is melancholy with a female soloist which carries on throughout the film. This is a situation of calm; almost like a dream. The shot cuts to a close up on Maximus face as he lifts his head with his eyes closed, as if in deep thought. This is a dramatic change of scenery from the dream like golden fields to the reality of a war stricken battlefield. The music intensity quickens and he opens his eyes, the combined intensity of the music and the clothes he is wearing make him look like a powerful warrior. The camera then cuts to many different angles but after each one cuts back to Maximus, this is showing how busy everyone is when they are preparing for battle. The music is the theme tune. The music stops to show, perhaps, the silence before the battle and the camera cuts to Maximus riding his horse, the camera dollies with the horse and the music starts and intensity slowly rises as the camera cuts to the enemy showing themselves out of the dark. The camera is in amongst the soldiers preparing for battle showing the intensity of war and the discipline of the Romans compared to the barbarians. There is a birds eye view as the battle starts and you are shown all the firepower they had at their disposal. Archers, catapults, cavalry are shown to show the technologically advanced Romans. The camera cuts to the soldiers and the front line battle. The camera cuts to a close up with the camera dollying with cavalry soldiers and Maximus, the music is very fast which reflects the actions happening at the scene. The camera follows them into war where death is shown all the way through and very graphically which shows the horror of war, as the battle comes to an end the music slows and the scene moves into slow motion. The sound effects stop completely but for the music, which is very calm and mournful reflecting the horror of the battle. In this scene the shots go from distant to close up which show the violence, anger and pure adrenaline of war. At the end of the battle ash and snow start to fall, which represents that the Romans won the battle, but with a great cost of human life, the music is very melancholy representing sorrow. The Director wishes to show the audience how organized and invincible the Romans are (on the battle field at least), how they are lacking in motivation, and in contrast how the barbarians are fighting for a lost cause and yet they will not give up. He shows this by always making the Romans look organized and goes in amongst the barracks and with Maximus in the ambush with the camera where as the camera watches the barbarians get attacked and slaughtered. Death smiles at us all is the title of the ending scene and is of possibly the most significance of the whole film. It is the scene where he two main characters die and has religious over tones from the start. It starts with the two main characters, Maximus and Comadus, rising on a platform with roses dropping from above and a gospel choir singing as if they are rising up to heaven; the camera is close up until they go out of view and then pans out to see a wooden structure that resembles a cross. This may symbolize that someone is going to die. As they rise to the top platform the viewer is shown the whole of the floor of the coliseum covered in rose petals; this shows that this is a very emotional occasion. The camera then cuts to a close up of each person of significance to give the effect of a showdown, the petals also mite look like blood on the sand of the arena. During the period of most of the fight there is no music, only other sound effects such as swords clashing; this is because there is no music that could state every emotion that the characters would be feeling and so there is no need because the event almost speaks for its self as it is of such emotional significance because it would affect so many people. Before the battle starts we see a paradox between a bad man wearing white stabbing a good man wearing black in the back whilst showing affection and hugging him, this shows that Comadus wants to become the good man in the publics (us) eyes and Maximus is very upset and his life and does not care, all he wants to do is take revenge and do the last words of Marcus Aeurileus. As the battle starts the camera dollies with them but cuts back and forth from the ground level view and in the stands which puts the audience right in the seats of the arena, this is to give variety to the fight scene and keep it seeming fast paced and keep the audience involved in the fight, it also shows the fighters perspective to the fight. All through this scene some bits are in slow motion, others blurred and some normal speed; this is because whenever any of those happened it was always seen from Maximus view and so Maximus is beginning to die and would be seeing things at different speeds. The fight is fast paced and the camera angles vary lots of times in a very short space of time to make it look more exciting than it actually was. The only sound used throughout the fight scene is that of clashing blades. The camera cuts to Maximus house once more to show that he is dying and is almost dead, the director here wants the audience to sympathise with Maximus. As Comadus dies there is no music and very gory sound effects to show the enormity of the event and the director wants the audience not to have sympathy for him. The camera then cuts to silence with the camera spinning round the coliseum to give the effect of everyone watching and reflecting on the emperors death; the music starts very slowly and builds up. The camera cuts to Maximus house again to show he is really near the end and almost with his family in the afterlife, the solo vocalist returns and then the camera cuts between Maximus and the dead Emperors sister several times before a close up on his face as he dies; the camera then follows him as he glides along the ground, with rose petals clearly visible on the floor behind him symbolizing that he is b ack with his wife and child and happy again. The camera cuts to Maximus walking in the field back to his house as in the beginning but this time in colour and then cuts back to him lying on the floor in the middle of the coliseum. The camera moves to inside the ring of people and has a close up on the emperors daughters big speech about how Rome is not worth one good mans life with a close up view on her but looking up at her to give the effect of her being big and taking over. It then moves to a birds eye view as Maximus is carried off. Next the camera shows a close up of Chimsy burying Maximus figures of his family in sand stained in blood to symbolize him being with his family as he died in the same place in the sand and they are buried in his blood. The camera then rises to see the sun going down on the great city of Rome. In this scene I think that the director (Ridley Scott) is trying to show how weak such a powerful city like Rome can be and that even though it looks so magnificent, it only takes one man to tear it apart. Language At the beginning of the movie the language is shown in text. Within the text it explains the genre and idea of the movie by explaining the situation of the Roman Empire and that the Roman Empire was at its rise (therefore the audience realizes something is going to happen to the Roman Empire). But through out the whole movie the language is shown oral. Main characters such as Russell Crowe use very much of a wise-men language; this means they make influential speeches in the movie, which portrays their character in the movie. The barbarians and the Arabs are shown that they do not speak the same language as the Romans; therefore there are the bad and the roman language is the good. Music The music through out the movie is very downhearted and melancholy. The music expresses sorrow and sadness. At the beginning the movie starts with music and it ends with music, perhaps they are both parts of the same song because the tune seems to be the same. On the other hand there is a music theme for the wars and fights which is a more militia music type to show the expressions and give the feeling of war and death. Symbolism In this movie symbols were very much involved. Symbols such as robins to show winter, bad people wear black dirty and good people wear bright and clean, the bad dead body is on the floor in the arena and the good body is carried of with honor, a ring is shown to show devotion to family, flowers are always shown to show emotions, in the wars the catapults were shown to show the technology of the roman empire and Comadus is shown with a baby face which symbolizes a child, not an emperor. Many different symbols have been used in this movie to give hints or id

Charles Law Example Problem

Charles Law Example Problem Charles law is a special case of the ideal gas law in which the pressure of a gas is constant. Charles law states that volume is proportional to the absolute temperature of a gas at constant pressure. Doubling the temperature of gas doubles its volume, so long as the pressure and quantity of the gas are unchanged.  This example problem shows how to use Charles law to solve a gas law problem. Charles Law Example Problem A 600 mL sample of nitrogen is heated from 27  °C to 77  °C at constant pressure. What is the final volume?Solution: The first step to solving gas law problems should be converting all temperatures to absolute temperatures. In other words, if the temperature is given in Celsius or Fahrenheit, convert it to Kelvin. This is the most common place mistakes are made in this type of homework problem.T K 273  °CTi initial temperature 27  °CTi K 273 27Ti K 300 KTf final temperature 77  °CTf K 273 77Tf K 350 KThe next step is to use Charles law to find the final volume. Charles law is expressed as:Vi/Ti Vf/TfwhereVi and Ti is the initial volume and temperatureVf and Tf is the final volume and temperatureSolve the equation for Vf:Vf ViTf/TiEnter the known values and solve for Vf.Vf (600 mL)(350 K)/(300 K)Vf 700 mLAnswer:The final volume after heating will be 700 mL. More Examples of Charles Law If Charles Law seems irrelevant to real life situations, think again! Here are several examples of situations in which Charles Law is at play. By understanding the basics of the law, youll know what to expect in a variety of real-world situations. By knowing how to solve a problem using Charles Law, you can make predictions and even start to plan new inventions. If you take a basketball outside on a cold day, the ball shrinks a bit as the temperature is decreased. This is also the case with any inflated object and explains why its a good idea to check the pressure in your car tires when the temperature drops.If you over-inflate a pool float on a hot day, it can swell in the sun and burst.Pop-up turkey thermometers work based on Charles law. As the turkey cooks, the gas inside the thermometer expands until it can pop the plunger. Examples of Other Gas Laws Charles law is only one of the special cases of the ideal gas law that you may encounter. Each of the laws is named for the person who formulated it. Its good to be able to tell the gas laws apart and cite examples of each one. As automobile tires heat up during driving, their pressure increases. (Amontons Law: Doubling temperature doubles pressure at constant volume and mass.)When you blow bubbles underwater, they expand as they rise to the surface. (Boyles Law: Doubling pressure halves volume, at constant temperature and mass.)Inhaling fills the lungs with air and expands their volume. (Avogadros Law: Doubling the mass or number of moles of a gas doubles the volume at constant temperature and pressure.)

Pizza Hut Trainee Operations Manager 12 month plan Essay

Pizza Hut Trainee Operations Manager 12 month plan - Essay Example The company has more than 6,000 outlets in the US alone and operates in more than 90 countries across the world. Over the past years, the company has attained customer loyalty due to relentless innovation, high quality product and excellent customer service. The mission of Pizza Hut is to provide courteous services. The company offers a safe working environment, rewarding careers that have both growth and development opportunities (Mishra 2009). The operations manager will be tasked with ensuring all the activities of the outlet operations manager designate will be required to meet the customer expectations through ensuring all activities related to the preparation and serving of prepared foods meet the established standards. The operations manager must be able to achieve high customer satisfaction, meet the sales and profitability goals and also ensure high motivated workforce (Storey 2007). The manager will also be expected to coach the subordinates and ensure the health and safety procedures are followed in the workplace (Blyton and Turnbull 1992). Job advertising Job title: operations manager designate Reporting to: General Manager Company: Pizza Hut Industry: Restaurant chain Salary: Negotiable Role: The jobholder will oversee the day to day operations of the restaurant and work closely with stakeholders in order to ensure high quality services, excellent customer service and innovative dining concept for the target market. The operations manager must have hands on skills in order to effective meet the performance benchmarks and ensure continuous improvement in operations. Job responsibilities Manage day to day operations including ordering of stock, portion allocations, procurement of raw materials and ensure accountability of utilization of the stocks. Prepare daily, weekly, monthly and annual operation reports including the staff plans, stock control plans and sales reports. Ensuring that the restaurant meet key performance indicators such as sales leve l, profitability and cost control indicators. Work closely with the management in planning advertising and marketing plans for the restaurant. Work with subordinates such as chefs to plan menus that are popular with loyal customers. Ensure that all the subordinates follow and adhere to Pizza Hut health and safety standards and policies in the workplace. Manage and direct teams in order to ensure the efficient flow of work processes and activities in the company. Handle customer complaints in a timely manager and deals with suppliers to ensure no stock outs in the company. Train, develop, and motivate the subordinates towards attainment of the performance targets. Supervision of employee shifts such as kitchen staff, waiting staff, food preparation staff and cleaning staff. perform any other duties as assigned by the General Manager. Qualifications and experience A minimum of a Bachelors degree in operations management. Minimum of 1 year work experience in similar position or relevan t sector. Attentive to fine details. Courteous and excellent communication skills. Strong leadership skills and interpersonal skills. Strong understanding and skills in cost control, menu planning, and inventory management. Candidate interviewing The company will recruit both from the internal and external market. All subordinates interested in the position will be notified about the job opening through e-mails and a post in the company website. In addition, in order to encourage new talent in the company, a job advert will be placed in the daily newspapers so that external candidates can apply for the job. The interested applicants will be required to apply the job by sending an application letter to the manager in charge

Loyalty Programmes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Loyalty Programmes - Assignment Example This dissertation aims to understand how loyalty programmes are designed and if they have been of value to the hotel and restaurant business. It is also acknowledged that the idea of "gift coupons" and "rewards" is losing its meaning in the mind of consumers because it has become such a common offering. Therefore, whether a loyalty programmes continues to really help business in driving its profits remains to be examined and will be the focus of this dissertation. The aim of this dissertation is to find out whether the implementation of loyalty programmes succeed or fail in the hotel and restaurant business and identify ways to design loyalty programmes that will succeed. It is said that 80% of sales is derived through 20% of customers (Lake, 2006). This has led to a plethora of customer-focused programmes created with the help of customer relationship management tools, to increase company profitability (Brown, 2000; Kalakota and Robinson, 1999; Peppers and Rogers, 1997). Such initiatives, aim to achieve customer retention through the use of loyalty programmes. The motive behind loyalty programmes is to establish customer loyalty by rewarding a certain frequency of repeat purchase by customers. As pointed by Uncles et al (2002): "Loyalty programs are schemes offering delayed, accumulating economic benefits to consumers who buy the brand. Usually this takes the form of points that can be exchanged for gifts, free product, or aspirational rewards such as air miles. Airline frequent-flier programs have been a prototype for many of the schemes" (p.28).However, there is no consensus on the definition of loyalty exhibited by consumers (Jacoby and Chestnut, 1978; Dick and Basu, 1994; Oliver, 1999). While some claim that satisfaction is an indicator of loyalty, others debate this point. Reichheld (1994) points out that despite being "satisfied" or "very satisfied" many customers still defect. In the UK, Oglivy Loyalty Centre found out that 85 % of its automotive customers claimed to be satisfied but only 40 % made a repeat purchase, and 66 % of packaged goods customers who identified a favourite brand actually ended up buying "another brand" in the recent past (McKenzie, 1995). Gremler and Brown (1999) point out that Federal Express, Pizza Hut franchises, and Cadillac dealerships have been able to forecast the sales from loyal customers with more certainty. Research on loyalty programmes in the hospitality industry is limited. Oh's (2000), work in this field, highlights that the concept of customer value is crucial for the hospitality industry. His study explains how perception of value by customers impacts pre and post dining decisions. According to National

Time Value of Money _ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Time Value of Money _ - Essay Example It is important that lawyers should note the key issues in annuity sale and investment. The relationship between a trustee and the beneficiaries is fiduciary (Warren, Reeve & Duchac, 2012). Trustee must in his profession exercise diligence, prudence, and care in managing the affairs of other persons. The principal duties of a trustee include; not making profit out of his trust, acting in good faith, to be accountable to his beneficiaries, not to misuse confidential information or put himself in a position where interests and duty is conflict (Warren, Reeve & Duchac, 2012). The circumstances that trustee should consider while making investments include the general economic conditions, the expected tax consequences of investment strategies, the possible effects of inflation or deflation, the appreciation of capital and expected total returns, the other resources that the beneficiary has, needs for liquidity and regularities of income, an assets special value to the purposes of the trust and to the other beneficiaries. Variable annuities can either be deferred or immediate. Variable annuities allow an investor to choose from sub accounts that include geographic, sector and brood index stock funds. They also have affixed account.Varible annuities convert capital gains into ordinary income and have considerably higher expenses compared with comparable mutual funds. For this reason they are quite unsuitable for most investors. Equity indexed annuities offer reduced equity participation but with protection against losses. The level of equity indexed annuities caps will be related with interest rates and not stock prices. EIAs have larger commissions associated with them. Larger commissions are usually linked to complex surrender charges for long periods, hence less liquid and elastic. Equity indexed annuities promise a capped participation in equity returns, with a guarantee that no losses will be incurred. Equity indexed annuities are a hybrid fixed not

Self Determination Theory in Injury Rehabilitation

Self Determination Theory in Injury Rehabilitation Self-Determination Theory as a proposed aid to Athletic Injury Rehabilitation Just as Honda Motor Company advertises widely that the technology it places in its Formula I racing program finds its way to each consumer automobile it sells, one can find the same justification for utilizing psychological interventions to increase the performance of athletes, especially after potentially career-ending or –derailing injuries. The success of such interventions, much as is efficacy of the technology in 200+mph race cars, is exceptionally clarified during moments of intense sport action. Similarly, by incorporating elements of Self-Determination Theory and motivational interviewing during the â€Å"pit time† of an athlete in rehab, their likelihood of emerging as strong as or perhaps even stronger than before the injury are increased. In fine scientific tradition, the basis of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is found in the continual evolution of prior theories that were found lacking. For example, in one early model, Hull’s Drive Theory, motivation was posited to simply be a factor of unmet physiological needs. While this is true for some ‘drives’, for other needs such as emotional or even play, this theory was notably silent (Deci Ryan 2000, p. 228). Another example of an ‘unfinished’ theory would be Skinner’s operant conditioning, a very useful theory that nonetheless omits intrinsic motivations (Deci Ryan 2000, p. 233). Fundamental precepts of SDT indicate that people â€Å"have an innate organizational tendency toward growth, integration of the self, and the resolution of psychological inconsistency† (Markland, Ryan, Tobin Rollnick 2005, p.815). These three concepts are both the â€Å"what† and the â€Å"why† of motivation have been demonstrated to not only be valid theoretically but also in real-world field research where actual behaviors occur (Ryan Deci 2000, pp. 228 and 258). In first speculating about and then later in predicting and then influencing behavior, SDT argues that motivation must first be understood. According to SDT, behaviors lie on a continuum from externally motivated, in which others control behavior through reinforcements, to identification which is very â€Å"self-determined†. In between these extremes is behavior motivated by introspective regulations as would be the case when someone partially internalizes motivation, often because of self-esteem type issues that are unstable as sources of continual motivation (Markland, et al 2005, p. 816). To begin bridging motivation with actual performance, that is to bring together intent with actual outcome, it is well documented that those with a greater degree of internal motivation do better in â€Å"motivational persistence, quality of behavior and learning, and well-being outcomes in†¦ education, work, sports, exercise†¦.† (Markland, et al 2005, p. 817). Though it is not enough to say that these things just â€Å"happen†, there are methods designed to facilitate the internalization of goals. Such techniques as Motivation Interviewing, in fact, make a purposeful facilitation of this objective. In short, Motivational Interviewing is style of counseling that has been widely adopted for behavioral change. Beginning with the reasonable assumption that there is not a single behavior that did not first begin as a thought or motive emotion, the key to changing behavior is to change one’s motivation. It achieves this through the exploration and resolution of the client’s ambivalence in choosing one â€Å"desired† behavior over another â€Å"undesired† behavior (Markland, et al 2005, p. 813). By assisting the client to clarify the conflicts of change and the choices they make and rationalize, the therapist is able to facilitate the client to want to change, thus overcoming their own ambivalence. To better illustrate how these methods might work, consider the following case: John is a third year high school athlete in a top-third soccer program. He consistently plays at a high level and has been told that he has potential to possibly play at a top college program. The key to this seems to be to continue to evolve as a total player, attend a top-flight summer camp program and have a predictably excellent final year. Everything proceeds according to plan when, at the summer camp, he has a severe grade II hamstring pull. Though he immediately iced it, he was unable to move faster than a limping walk for two days. Surgical repair was ill advised due to the specific nature and location and aggressive therapy was prescribed. Clearly, John seems to be properly motivated for ‘his best efforts’ at recovery prior to the fall season only 3 months away. On the line is a college scholarship, the admiration of his peers and the otherwise ‘abandonment’ of his team. Seemingly, all the ingredients for motivational performance in the â€Å"sport of rehabilitation† are present yet, when one examines these, it is not apparent the extent to which he is internally motivated. Is he playing to save his parent’s money? Will his girlfriend reject him if he becomes a â€Å"spectator†? These are potentially powerful motivators yet SDT research clearly indicates an almost linear relationship between performance and the degree of internal motivation. To utilize the SDT and motivational interviewing precepts to John’s advantage, the first order of business is to become â€Å"client-centric† by giving John choices in his care. The greater extent that John can control the outcome in a medically acceptable way, the greater the extent that he will feel as though he is in charge and therefore motivation is more intrinsic and thus he is more likely to perform better during and consequently after rehab as well (Podlog Eklund 2005, p. 23; Markland et al 2005, p. 818). In addition, in direct support of SDT, the following motivational interview techniques are recommended: SDT Functional Area Competence Autonomy Relatedness Clear neutral information about goals and outcomes Avoid coercion Express empathy Develop appropriate goals â€Å"Roll with resistance† Explore concerns Positive feedback Explore Options Demonstrate understanding of the client’s position Self-efficacy is supported Client-centric decision making Avoid judgment and blame (Markland et al 2005, p. 821) As an additional adjunct to utilizing SDT theory and as indicated earlier, it is not a great stretch of the imagination to envision rehab as a form of sport in which you continually compete against one’s on â€Å"personal best†, the admonitions of your medical â€Å"coaches† and the coming next game or season, as applicable. By doing so, not only does this perspective further enable one to apply SDT to rehab as to other settings but is also allows the athlete to leverage the intrinsic competitiveness and drive to achieve greater gains in rehabilitation. An example in which we might apply a broader portion of sports psychology to a rehab setting would be to utilize mental rehearsal not just of a sporting moment but of rehab exercises. By focusing on the specific components of a rehab exercise, performance is likely to be increased just as visualizing on-the-field performance can enhance the performance of a healthy athlete (Wrisberg Fisher 2005, p. 58). In conclusion, by utilizing sport psychology and SDT and Motivational Interviewing techniques in particular, there is a great likelihood that John, our case study, performance could be significantly enhanced not only in rehab but in the following season as well. By clearing the mind of its barriers and ambivalence to performance, the body will be enabled to reach its utmost performance potentials. Works Consulted Deci, E. and R. Ryan. (2000). â€Å"The â€Å"What† and â€Å"Why† of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior†. Psychological Inquiry, (11), 4, pp. 227-268. Markland, D., R. Ryan, V. Tobin, and S. Rollnick. (2005). â€Å"Motivational Interviewing and Self-Determination Theory†. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, (24), 6, pp. 811-831. Podlog, L. and R. Eklund. (2005). â€Å"Return to Sport After Serious Injury: A Retrospective Examination of Motivation and Psychological Outcomes†. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, (14), pp. 20-34. Wrisberg, C. and L. Fisher. (2005). â€Å"Mental Rehearsal During Rehabilitation†. Athletic Therapy Today, (6),10, pp. 58-59.

Symbols and Symbolism in Cranes The Red Badge of Courage Essay

Characters as Symbols in Crane's The Red Badge of Courage    The Red Badge of Courage was a significant novel in the way that the characters were portrayed. Crane hardly ever used the actual names of the soldiers. He simply described them as the loud soldier, the tall soldier, the cheery soldier, and the tattered soldier. Crane made the characters stand out in the use of describing them and promoting their relationship with Henry and his struggle during the battles. Crane did a fantastic job with relating the different characters with different roles that Henry was involved in. The loud soldier, tall soldier, cheery soldier, and tattered soldier all have a significant part in creating the novel. The characters in the book are there to serve Henry by prompting him to action or reflection or by being a comparison or contrast to him. In The Red Badge of Courage, the loud soldier's real name was Wilson. His character dramatically changed as the novel progressed. At the beginning of the novel, Wilson is an extremely loud and boastful soldier. This is exactly how he received the name loud soldier. Wilson is initially loud, opinionated, and naà ¯ve. For the first half of the book, Crane refers to him almost exclusively as "the loud soldier." Some examples of his loud and obnoxious self was when Crane described him as the loud one from a corner and when the loud soldier kept saying "Huh, and shucks" (Crane 11)! When Henry and the loud soldier talk of fighting the loud soldier seemed so confident and self-assured that he said, "We've got `em now. At last, by the eternal thunders, we'll lick `em good" (19)! Another time Henry encounters the loud soldier he indignantly assures Henry that if battle occurs, he will... ...to help Henry. Overall, these characters have a strong role and relationship with Henry. Works Cited and Consulted: Berryman, John, Stephen Crane: A Critical Biography.   1950.   Rpt. In Discovering Authors.   Vers. 1.0. CD-ROM.   Detriot:   Gale, 1992. Bloom, Harold, ed.   Modern Critical Interpretations:   Stephan Crane's The Red Badge of Courage.   New Yourk:   Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Cody, Edwin H. Stephen Crane.   Revised Edition.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1980. Crane, Stephen. The Red Badge of Courage.   Logan, IA:   Perfection Learning Corporation, 1979. Gibson, Donald B. The Red Badge of Courage:   Redefining the Hero.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1988. Wolford, Chester L.   "Stephen Crane."   Critical Survey of Long Fiction.   Ed. Frank N. Magill.   English Language Series.   Vol. 2. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Salem Press, 1991.